09.30.09
Posted in Society & Politics at 12.15 am by Caitlin
I’ve put together a comparison of religious demographics in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States and Canada. It’s not done to prove any kind of point – it’s for no reason other than the fact that I think it’s fascinating. If you do too, then enjoy…
One of my blogging friends Pam recently tweeted about the large percentage of people identifying with no religion in the Pacific North-West of the United States.
This got me curious about a comparison of religion around the world. We all know that Saudi Arabia is Muslim and Thailand is Buddhist and Spain or Costa Rica are Catholic, but I wanted to compare English-speaking countries. We share a language but not always a culture.
I compared the US, UK, Canada and Australia. I just used Wikipedia as a quick and ready source – I know it’s not an absolute authority but this isn’t an academic treatise. I would have looked at New Zealand and the Republic of Ireland as well but Wikipedia didn’t list the percentages in a readily accessible form.
In all four countries Christianity is the majority religion. There’s no surprises there, but what did surprise me is how Christianity is far less dominant in Australia than elsewhere. I knew Christianity was strong in North America but it’s also stronger in the UK than Australia – possibly since it’s the state religion. I was also intrigued by the differing make-up of the minority religions, reflecting immigration patterns and social change.
Percentage of population identifying as Christian in 2001
- Canada: 77%
- USA*: 76.7%
- UK: 71.6%
- Australia: 68%
* This is based on the 2001 Census in Australia, Canada and the UK. However, the US Census does not collect information on religious affiliation. For the US it’s based on the ARIS survey (but this only covers the contiguous states, not Alaska and Hawaii).
Australia does its Census every five rather than 10 years, like the UK and Canada. By 2006, the percentage of Australians identifying as Christian had dropped to 63.9%. That’s quite a significant change – a drop of 4.1 percentage points between 2001 and 2006.
By contrast, in the United States, Christianity held relatively steady – the 2008 ARIS survey shows 76% of Americans identified as Christian. That’s a decline of only 0.7 percentage points – practically a rounding error. The change over time is more dramatic – in the 1990 survey, the figure was 86.2%.
Other religions
Australia [2006 census]
- Christian: 63.9%
- No religion: 18.7%
- Not stated: 11.2%
- Buddhist: 2.1%
- Muslim: 1.7%
- Other : 1.2%
- Hindu: 0.7%
- Jewish: 0.5%
United Kingdom [2001 census]
- Christian: 71.6%
- No religion : 15.5%
- Not Answered: 7.3%
- Muslim: 2.7%
- Hindu: 1%
- Sikh: 0.6%
- Jewish: 0.5%
- Buddhist: 0.3%
- Other: 0.3%
United States [2007 survey*]
- Christianity: 78.4%
- Unaffiliated, including atheist or agnostic: 16.1%
- Judaism: 1.7%
- Other: 1.2%
- Buddhist: 0.7%
- Islam: 0.6%
- Hinduism: 0.4%
* This is now a different survey, done by the PEW Forum. I went with this one because the ARIS survey just had a generic category for “Eastern religions”. The statistics are pretty similar otherwise. (I wish I had Census data though!).
Canada – 2001 Census
- Christian: 77%
- No religion: 16.2%
- Muslim: 2%
- Jewish: 1.1%
- Buddhist: 1%
- Hindu: 1%
- Sikh: 0.9%
- Other: 0.8%
Australia is the most secular with 18.7% stating they have no religion and a further 11.2% not answering the question.
The biggest minority religions are Buddhism in Australia, Islam in Canada and the UK and Judaism in the US.
The smallest minority religions are Judaism in Australia, Buddhism in the UK, Hinduism in the US and Sikhism in Canada. (However, Sikhism is not broken out as a separate religion in the Australian or US survey results – presumably it is so small it is part of the ‘other’ category).
(As an aside, I once met a UK religious studies teacher who said she taught comparative religion in high school about the world’s six major world religions. I asked her what they were because I could only think of five that I would class as ‘major’ – was it Taoism perhaps, or maybe atheism, or maybe animism and nature worship? No, her six were: Christianity, Islam, Judaism, Hinduism, Buddhism and Sikhism. Not to dismiss Sikhism in any way, but I suspect that had more to do with Britain’s demographics than anything else).
Islam is the biggest minority religion in Canada (2%) and the UK (2.7%) and and it is also a significant demographic in Australia (1.7%). However, both this PEW Forum survey and the ARIS one put the US Muslim population at 0.6% of the nation. I do wonder if this is accurate or if many Muslim-Americans prefer not to state their religion when taking a survey. There is no way for me to know but it seems plausible this might be a factor in the post 9/11 climate.
Types of Christianity
It gets messy when you look at brands of Christianity because denominations are defined and established differently in various countries. There are a few things I’ve been able to glean from the data.
Roman Catholicism as percentage of population
Canada [2001]: 43.6%
Australia [2006]: 25.8%
Australia [2001]: 26.6%
USA [2008]: 25.1%
USA [2001]: 24.5%
Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales) [2007 survey]: 9%
Northern Ireland [2001]: 40.3%
Interesting that the percentage of Catholics in the US actually went up between 2001 and 2008. I’m guessing this might be due to immigration from Latin America.
Biggest Protestant denominations
The remaining Christians are mostly Protestant, with small numbers of Eastern Orthodox or Coptic Christians, and some that identify as “generically Christian”.
Here is the biggest Protestant denomination in each country:
Australia: Anglican | 18.7% of overall population [2006]
United States: Baptist | 15.8% of overall population [2008]
Great Britain: Church of England (Anglican church in England) | 20.9%
Canada: United Church of Canada | 9.6%
The Church of England is the established state religion in England and there are equivalents elsewhere in Great Britain. The Anglican Church of Australia is part of the worldwide Anglican communion and affiliated with the Church of England but it is not a state religion – Australia has separation of church and state.
The Anglican Church and the United Church of Canada (consisting of Presbyterians, Methodists and such like, similar to the Uniting Church in Australia) are both fairly liberal churches in their stances on things like ordination of women and gay marriage. (Though not without controversy, I might add!).
I’ve always thought of American Baptists as being conservative but according to Wikipedia there are varying types of Baptist and schisms between the Northern Baptists and the Southern Baptists and so on. I profess blissful ignorance about the differences.
In Australia, only 1.6% of the population is Baptist and another 1.1% identify as Pentecostal, according to the 2006 census.
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09.28.09
Posted in Family & Friends, San Francisco at 11.22 am by Caitlin
My in-laws are visiting from Australia for a few weeks. They’ve spent the past week in San Francisco with us and they are off to New York tomorrow. When they return, we may do some travelling with them on the West Coast but that is yet to be decided. My father-in-law is spending his 70th birthday here and we have booked to have dinner at a fancy restaurant in San Francisco, which should be fun.
Having guests from out of town was the perfect excuse to do some tourist stuff that we hadn’t got around to yet. Alcatraz was high on the agenda. For me, it was just a matter of ticking it off the list and I didn’t have great hopes for it being particularly interesting. Who cared which cell was Al Capone’s? I was pleasantly surprised!
We had a gloriously sunny day, with temperatures in the mid to high 20s (celcius). Hubby and I took the trails around the island, while his parents rode the courtesy train up the hill to the prison block.
I found the extent of the decay fascinating. The prison was abandoned in 1962 and, although the cell block itself is in good condition, virtually every other building on the island was a ruin. Everything seemed to have concrete cancer and many of the buildings were shells with no rooves or windows. Past the parade ground, which is now a nesting site for gulls, there were piles of demolished concrete and steel that was rapidly being buried with plant growth.
Hubby and I took a quick detour along the Agave Trail from the parade ground down to the waterfront. Agave is the plant that they make tequila from – it’s commonly described as a cactus but apparently it’s actually related to lily and amaryllis. We had stunning views of the Golden Gate Bridge and back to San Francisco.
After we had finished exploring the island, hubby and I returned to the cell block for the audio tour. We started downstairs with the shower block and then started the tour upstairs where the cells were. Audio tours are often mediocre but this was awesome – the thing that really marked it apart was that it used extracts from interviews with real prison guards and former prisoners. I actually cried when I heard a prisoner and his sister describing how she had been told as a child that her brother was dead, found out as an adult that this wasn’t true, and came to visit him.
The cells were tiny, consisting of a narrow bed, a toilet and sink. Some of them had personal effects in them, like musical instruments, paintings or library books. We also saw the isolation cells where the most recalcitrant prisoners were held in solitary confinement. And yes, we saw Al Capone’s cell – interesting not because the cell was distinctive but because he was held in the ‘hard core’ area, not the general cells. The tour told us all about the various escape attempts and the near riot in the dining hall when spaghetti was served again.
Alcatraz started life as a military fortification, then became a prison. It’s been empty since 1962 but was “reclaimed” by native American land rights campaigners several times. It’s currently a national park.
Many people who live in San Francisco have never been to Alcatraz, dismissing it as a tourist trap. I think they are missing out.
I’ll post photos up when I’ve got them.
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09.21.09
Posted in Family & Friends, Life, San Francisco at 3.20 pm by Caitlin
Now that autumn is officially here, San Francisco is finally having its summer. The infamous San Francisco fog rolls in and keeps the city cool and overcast for most of June, July and August, even while the rest of the Bay Area is roasting. Apparently an Indian summer in September and October is quite typical and that is what we are enjoying now.
San Franciscans love to talk about the weather or, more accurately, the climate. I’ve found it only takes a passing pleasantry about the weather on my part to elicit a detailed description of the micro-climate of the San Francisco peninsula and the meteorological phenomenon that causes the fog. And I’ve lost count of the number of times I’ve heard the Mark Twain quote about how the warmest winter he ever spent was the summer in San Francisco. Apparently he didn’t even say it!
I have found people in San Francisco extremely friendly. There is a real neighbourliness here that we never felt in London or even Sydney. I’ve been here just over two months and I know half a dozen of the neighbours already. We’ve had dinner with the couple next door and plan to have them around to our place soon. And we’re having a “block party” at the end of October where our section of street gets closed to traffic and everyone brings a potluck dish.
We have had a few visitors already. Our friend Jules (originally a Sydneysider but we know him from London) was in town for a couple of nights on his crazy world trip – he passed through San Francisco en route from Seattle to Las Vegas but is soon heading south to Mexico and Central and South America. Now we have Jack’s parents staying with us for a few weeks. They arrived on Saturday and they are staying in the spare room for now, though they are going to New York next week and plan to do a bit of travel in the US and maybe Canada. Jack’s father will be celebrating his 70th birthday here in San Francisco with us and we have booked to go to a nice restaurant.
In other news, I finally got my employment authorisation card so I can now look for jobs or freelance work. Woo hoo!
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09.10.09
Posted in Life at 10.36 am by Caitlin
Lately I have been spending most of my blogging efforts on my food and travel blog Roaming Tales. This site, my original blog project, has been sadly neglected. But I have been giving some thought to the future of this blog and I have come up with some good reasons why I should keep it.
This is a personal blog and I don’t have any pressure to stick to a theme. It’s somewhere I can vent my thoughts on a wide range of topics or share useful or funny links. There is less need for that now since I use Twitter and Facebook and StumbleUpon, but it is still nice to have an outlet that is wholly mine.
I started this blog way back in 2005 to keep in touch with my friends and family in Australia while I was living in London. Now I’ve moved on to a new city and a new continent, this need is compounded since I need to keep in touch with folk in the UK as well as in Australia. So if anything there is even more need for it than there was. The odd Facebook status or personal tweet (many of my tweets are about food and travel to tie in with Roaming Tales) doesn’t really make up for the depth of a blog post or letter. Many people in my life don’t use those sites but do read my blog (hello, Dad!).
So I’m going to try to update once a week on what is going on in my life. The other posts will continue to happen at random. No one likes talking to a void so please leave me comments on the blog!
It’s a public forum so I can’t be too personal and of course, unless you also have a blog, it’s one-way. That’s okay – that’s why it’s so lovely to have one-to-one interaction as well. Email me – there’s a contact form here if you have mislaid my address. Better still, get set up on Skype, so we can make free video phone calls.
By the way, I have now switched off the Twitter posts entirely. Even at a weekly frequency, it seemed like too much. Maybe if I were blogging more frequently it would work but for now it’s overkill. I don’t like the way my site looks when every second post is a Twitter post – you can always follow me there if you want to.
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